Foreign Trade Zone Glossary

Activation Approval by the grantee and U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection’s Port Director permitting operations to begin which allow the admission and handling of merchandise in zone status.

Admission The physical arrival of goods into a zone in a specified zone status with the appropriate approvals of the zone grantee and the U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection. The word "admission" is used instead of "entry" to avoid confusion with CBP entry processes under Parts 141-144 of the CBP Regulations.

Alteration

1. A change in the boundaries of an activated zone or subzone
2. Activation of a separate site of an already activated zone or subzone with the same operator at the same port.
3. The relocation of an already activated site with the same operator

Customs and Border Protection Territory (CBP Territory) The territory of the U.S. in which the general tariff laws of the U.S. apply. The U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection territory includes the states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, minus any areas within the boundaries of foreign-trade zones.

Deactivation Voluntary discontinuation of the activation of an entire zone or subzone by the grantee or operator. (Discontinuance of the activated status of only part of a zone is an alteration.)

Domestic Status (D) Status of zone merchandise grown, produced or manufactured in the U.S. on which all internal revenue taxes have been paid, or the status of zone merchandise previously imported on which all applicable duties and internal revenue taxes have been paid.

Drawback Import duties or taxes repaid by the government, in whole or in part, when the imported goods are exported or used in the manufacture of exported goods.

Entry Notification to CBP of the arrival of imported goods in the CBP territory of the U.S. Merchandise withdrawn from a zone for consumption in the U.S. is entered when it is removed from the zone. Goods brought into a zone are admitted.

Foreign-First (FOFI) An accounting method based on the assumption that foreign-status merchandise is disposed of first. Permission to use FOFI must be obtained from CBP and is granted on a case-by-case basis.

General-purpose Zone (GPZ) A general-purpose zone is established for multiple activities by multiple users. Storage, distribution, testing, repackaging and repair are some of the possible activities in a GPZ. Processing or manufacturing in a GPZ requires the permission of the Foreign-Trade Zones Board.

Grantee A corporation to which the privilege of establishing, operating and maintaining a foreign-trade zone has been granted by the Foreign-Trade Zones Board. Grantee corporations must be either public corporations or private corporations organized for the purpose of establishing a zone project. Examples of public entities that might receive an FTZ grant include: a political subdivision (including a municipality), a public agency, or a corporate municipal instrumentality of one or more states. Qualified private corporations must be chartered for this purpose under a law of the state in which the zone is located.

Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) Published by the U.S. International Trade Commission, the HTSUS is used in the classification of imported merchandise for rates of duty and statistical purposes.

In Bond A procedure under which goods are transported or warehoused under customs supervision until they are either formally entered into the customs territory of the United States and duties paid, or until they exported from the United States. The procedure is so named because the cargo mobves under the carrier’s bond (financial liability assured by the carrier) from the gateway sea port or airport and remains “in bond” until customs releases the cargo at the inland customs point.

This procedure is used in several ways:

1. To postpone the payment of import duties on high duty merchandise, (such as alcoholic beverages), until they are needed.
2. To hold goods that may or may not meet a requirement of customs until determination is made and the importer decides to enter the goods or re-export them.
   
3. To effect the transport of goods originating in one foreign country through the United States for export to a third country without having to pay customs duties.

Inverted Tariff Structure   Where imported parts are dutiable at higher rates than the finished product into which they are incorporated.

Manipulation   As defined in Section 562 of the Tariff Act, processing wherein merchandise is packed, unpacked, repacked, cleaned, sorted, graded or otherwise changed in condition. The precise distinction between manipulation and manufacturing is subject to interpretation and enjoys a long history of case law.

Manufacturing   U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection determines what constitutes manufacturing on a case-by-case basis, distinguishing it from other operations such as manipulation, processing, production and blending. The FTZ Board has defined it as any process that results in a change in CBP classification of the merchandise, and therefore, requires prior clearance from the Board pursuant to the manufacturing conditions in specific foreign-trade zone grants.

Merchandise   FTZ merchandise includes goods, wares, and chattels of every description. Not included is prohibited merchandise, building materials and supplies for use in the operation of a zone.

Nonprivileged Foreign Status (NPF) Status of zone merchandise not previously cleared by CBP which is appraised in the condition of the merchandise at the time it enters the CBP territory upon exiting the zone. NPF status may be changed upon approval from CBP, provided the merchandise is still in the same condition as when admitted to the zone. While in the zone, NPF status merchandise can be manipulated or manufactured into another commercial item with a different tariff classification. NPF status allows zone users to pay duty at the rate of the finished product produced in the zone.

Operator A corporation, partnership or person that operates a zone or subzone under the terms of an agreement with the grantee. A grantee may act as its own operator.

Operator's Bond A bond submitted to CBP, on CBP Form 301, to assure compliance with the CBP Regulations as set forth at 19 CFR 113.73.

Port of Entry A place designated by the U.S. Government at which a CBP officer is assigned with authority to accept entries of merchandise, collect duties, and enforce the various provisions of the CBP laws.

Privileged Foreign Status (PF) Zone status whereby merchandise is classified and appraised, with duties and taxes determined, at the time the status is elected. Once chosen, privileged foreign status cannot be changed.

Processing Any zone activity (other than manufacturing) requiring a change in condition of merchandise which results in a change in the Customs classification of an article or in its eligibility for entry for consumption.

Subzone A special-purpose zone established as part of a zone project for a limited purpose that cannot be accommodated within an existing general-purpose zone. Subzones must be sponsored by the grantee of a general-purpose zone.

U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (CBP)   The unified border agency within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) responsible for merchandise brought into the U.S.

User A person or company using a zone for storage, handling or processing of merchandise. An operator may authorize a user to maintain its own inventory system and procedures manual. However, the operator remains responsible to Customs for inventory control unless the user posts its own operator's bond.

Weekly Entry Procedures A CBP procedure that permits zones and subzones to file a weekly entry for the estimated removals of merchandise destined for domestic consumption during the following business week. Once the Port Director has approved the entry, the operator may ship the products all week up to the quantity estimated.

Zone Lot A collection of merchandise maintained under an inventory control method based on specific identification of merchandise admitted into a zone by lot and lot number (ZLN).

Zone Restricted Status (ZR) Status of zone merchandise transferred to a zone for the sole purpose of exportation or destruction. Zone restricted merchandise cannot be changed or brought into the CBP Territory without the specific permission of the Foreign-Trade Zones Board on a case-by-case review.

Zone Status The status of merchandise admitted to a zone, i.e. domestic (D), non-privileged foreign (NPF), privileged foreign (PF), or zone restricted (ZR).

For further information contact:

Genesee Regional Chamber of Commerce
Phone: 810.600.1404
Fax: 810.600.1461
econdev@thegrcc.org